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abusive
| The men became abusive and aggressive towards staff shortly after their flight took off from Manchester.
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aggressive
| - Did passengers become aggressive shortly after take-off?
- 72-year-old Franco Massa, who was extremely nervous of flying, became drunk and aggressive during a Munich to Toronto flight.
- They give cabin crew training for dealing with aggressive passengers.
- Moving the body forward is a common sign of aggressive behaviour.
- The aggressive travelle was forced to the ground by a flight attendant and two passengers.
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allergic
| - This EpiPens treats a severe allergic reaction.
- Dangerous breathing problems can also result from severe allergic reaction, which worries airlines so much that some no longer serve peanuts.
- What have some airlines done to prevent dangerous allergic reactions?
- Dangerous breathing problems can also cause severe allergic reaction.
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alone
| - Now his task was to fly the remaining 850 nm of empty ocean to Norfolk Island with no navigation aids at all. Now he flew by compass alone.
- Do you like to work in a team or alone?
- For a co-pilot, Alistair was in a very challenging situation, flying alone and without charts into an airport he didn't know.
- We have technologies such as baggage-screening equipment and explosive detection systems, but technology alone is not enough.
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angry (with)
| - We're looking for any physical signs that could show that someone is nervous or angry - signs that they might be planning a criminal act.
- You are behaving in an angry way that shows you want to fight, attack, or argue with someone
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aware
| Cabin crew and flight crew must be aware of the dangers.
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bad
| - She has fallen her head very badly.
- He's having difficulty breathing, he's shaking badly and his eyes are shut.
- The passenger had a very bad headache, so the flight attendant suggested taking an aspirin.
- A bad electrical connection that prevents a piece of equipment from working
- H|ow bad was the weather?
- Uncomfortable because of bad weather
- CVF is the only place I know where you can fly a bad weather low-level circuit BELOW the control tower!
- He's having difficulty breathing, he's shaking badly, and his eyes are shut.
- Is it that bad?
- The flight attendant tried his best to extinguish the small fire in the washroom.
- The best thing to do was to wait for the windshield to be replaced.
- The best way of dealing with stress is to make sure you exercise, eat and sleep well.
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best
| - Boeing and Airbus should use the best of both systems.
- But the best way to keep coyotes away is to make sure that the airport's perimeter fences are secure so they can't dig under them.
- How could the airport you know best improve its prevention of wildlife strikes?
- It has offered a prize for the It has offered a prize for the best suggestions to help it achieve this. suggestions to help it achieve this.
- The flight attendant tried his best to extinguish.
- The best way to get onto a ship when the weather is not too good is to get the ships' radar to guide you in.
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big
| At the time, this crossing was a long trip even for big jets. For a singleengine aircraft with one crew, this was a long and dangerous mission.
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broken
| - The thing that holds the door onto the cage is broken. We've got a cargo net for catching him.
- Items falling from the overhead storage bins are a common cause of head injury, while unexpected turbulence can easily result in broken bones.
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careful
| pilots need to be careful just before the monsoon.
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clear
| - Clear traffic instructions sent in a pre-formatted text message avoid the need for repetition, and reduce communication errors.
- Controllers clear traffic instructions.
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cold
| - You should take a thick coat and a hat, because Moscow is cold!
- A downdraft of cold air.
- The problem was caused by fast-moving cold air.
- A microburst is essentially a shaft of fast-moving cold air that hits the earth from high up in the atmosphere, then explodes upwards and outwards.
- It gets extremely cold at night, but the temperature never falls below freezing.
- Black ice is an invisible slippery surface that can form on the runway in cold weather.
- Frost is a thin white layer of powdery ice that forms on things outside when the weather is very cold.
- Cold air blows into the cabin.
- In winter there is cold weather and snow and the wind is northerly, from the Arctic.
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deep
| To avoid deep vein thrombosis, it can help to walk around the cabin during the flight.
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delayed
| It looks as though we're going to be delayed.
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different
| - In fifty years' time, how do you think flight control systems will be different?
- The trainee needs to spend some time working in a different sector this week.
- How are the racing aircraft different from conventional aircraft
- In your opinion, what plane has revolutionized air travel? How is /was it different from other planes?
- Do different types of aircraft require different checks?
- The captain has visited six different cities within the last two months in her job.
- By the time the flight reaches French air space, it will have flown through six different countries.
- You and your partner have the same picture of an airfield with different things missing. Describe your airfield and listen to your partner's description of theirs.
- how is this different from normal aircraft?
- they are quite different in that they are much lighter than normal aircraft and they have more power for their weight.
- But the problems come in the summer months, when different pressure zones can cause very hot, sticky and humid conditions one moment, and then severe thunderstorms the next.
- These incidents show that rapid decompression is very different to the controlled environment of a cabin simulator.
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difficult
| - Instructions spoken too quickly can be very difficult to understand.
- What did you find most difficult about English?
- It is difficult for the crew to control the yaw and the pitch of the aircraft.
- For the smoke-jumper, finding a way out of the forest is the most difficult thing.
- It can therefore be difficult to predict the heavy rains, and flooding can happen at any time.
- It's going to be difficult for eastbound aircraft to fly into Bristol today.
- It's difficult to continue visually fog.
- Holding wings level is difficult.
- It's difficult to establish level flight.
- It's difficult to understand for example how someone let chemical solutions and corrosive solids on board without question just because they were labelled as 'laundry products'.
- The most difficult part is finding a road so you can get out of the forest again.
- It can therefore be difficult to predict the heavy rains, and flooding can happen at any time.
- It's difficult to continue visually through fog so I decided that... er... we would go around, the ship.
- It was a tiny crack, very difficult to see, but the captain refused to fly until maintenance replaced the windshield.
- Yes. It's difficult to hear you.
- When someone is about to commit a crime or a terrorist act, the stress affects their behaviour. And this stress behaviour is extremely difficult to hide or control.
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drunk
| - They didn't allow the passengers to board the flight because they were drunk.
- The drunk lady puntched another passenger in the stomach.
- Is he drunk?
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drunken
| - Drunken holiday-makers who abused cabin crew on a flight to Tenerife spent 36 hours on a tiny island in the Atlantic after the airline abandoned them, 300 miles from their destination.
- The captain threatened to remove the drunken passenger if he didn't return to his seat.
- The captain was puntched in the stomach by the drunken passenger.
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duty-free
| She is allowed to take the perfume bought in duty-free in her carry-on luggage.
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elderly
| - A laptop has fallen on an elderly female passenger.
- He began to harass an elderly woman beside him and, when a steward tried to intervene, Massa punched the steward.
- An elderly man doesn't respond to greetings.
- An elderly woman is holding her handbag very close to her body.
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electrical
| - We're not really sure - perhaps it was an electrical fault.
- An epileptic fit is caused by a sudden burst of excess electrical activity in the brain.
- A bad electrical connection that prevents a piece of equipment from working
- hi, I'm getting reports of an unpleasant smell back here, coming from the rear washrooms, like an electrical burning smell.
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empty
| Now his task was to fly the remaining 850 nm of empty ocean to Norfolk Island with no navigation aids at all.
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enough
| - R/T phraseology is enough to communicate with.
- I wanted to have enough light to see my fixes.
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experienced
| - An experienced civil and military pilot, Prochnow was given the task of delivering a Cessna 188 single-handed from Oakland, to Australia.
- As an experienced worker, you have been asked to prepare a short talk on 'Minimizing stress' for people just starting their career.
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explosive
| - In which incident did someone try to illegally ship explosive powder?
- A courier driver arrived at a freight-forwarder's premises and asked to pick up a large crate which contained an explosive material in the form of a black powder.
- It's obvious that you are not allowed to bring anything explosive on board.
- Carrying anything explosive onto a plane is illegal.
- Metal fatigue can cause severe damage, causing danger of explosive decompression.
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fatal
| - Poor judgement by the pilot almost resulted to a fatal incident.
- One of the birds broke through into the cockpit and smashed the captain's instrument panel. Incidents like these can be fatal, but here the captain wasn't injured, and the crew managed to land safely.
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final
| - then he takes the final decision on controlling the aircraft.
- If a pilot has ultimate control then he takes the final decision on controlling the aircraft.
- QA638 loses 20 kt on short final.
- On short final, the runway looks too short and it looks like you're going to hit the mountain.
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first
| - In the first incident, the maintenance truck driver misunderstood the controller.
- I would prefer to travel first class or economy class.
- Label the first-aid kit with correct words.
- In the case of a broken leg, the first thing to do is stabilize the limb.
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fit
| I jump to the ground to bring the fires under control. It's dangerous work - you have to be fit,
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flying
| - A low-flying plane encountering this would fly first into a strong headwind, then a downdraught, then a fierce tailwind, which forces it to lose height rapidly.
- What effects does a microburst have on a low-flying aircraft?
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free
| - However, Datalink also has its drawbacks. It allows 'free text' messages, so that the crew can use their own words to deal with non-routine events.
- Pilots should be free to plan their own routing.
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friendly
| Officers try to make friendly vocie contact to see if a suspicious person reacts normally.
Surely friendly conversations might be enough to indicate if a passenger is a criminal?
They try to make friendly eye-contact and ask simple questions to see if they react normally.
Surely friendly conversations can't be enough to indicate if a passenger is a criminal?
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full
| - Get your full kit.
- You start by flying vertically, but then slow down and apply full rudder and full opposite aileron.
- Just as it seemed like you were going to fly into the marker, you turned hard right, banking a full
47.5°. You turned so close to the buildings that you could see the people inside. It looked as if you cou
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good
| - In marginal/good weather conditions, an inbound / outbound aircraft takes the incorrect taxiway and moves onto an active/inactive runway.
- Prochnow calculated a flying time of 15 hours minimum, cruising at 110 kt in good VFR conditions with a light wind.
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happy
| What level of English will you be happy with?
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important
| - Several factors increased the possibility of communication breakdown. The most important was the complexity of the instructions.
- There can be no doubt that Datalink has an important place in the future of civil aviation communications.
- The head-up display was developed to allow pilots to read important data without having to look down.
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impossible
| It's impossible to understand Americans - they don't speak plain English.
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international
| All pilots and ATCs working with international traffic should have ICAO level 5.
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large
| Controllers also use Datalink in order to manage a larger number of aircraft - some claim it could eventually increase capacity by 40%.
Large aircraft are equipped with TCAS to reduce the danger of mid-air collisions.
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light
| The charts showed a distance of almost 1,500 nm to Norfolk Island. Prochnow calculated a flying time of 15 hours minimum, cruising at 110 kt in good VFR conditions with a light wind.
What tips can you think of for pilots planning to fly long-distance in a light aircraft?
At the time, this crossing was a long trip even for big jets. For a singleengine aircraft with one crew, this was a long and dangerous mission.
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long
| - You can have a long taxi if you turn left too soon.
- What particular problems could a pilot of this type of aircraft have on a long flight across an ocean?
- Endurance means the longest time an aircraft is able to fly without stopping
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main
| The main focus is on the language needed to communicate in non-routine and/ or emergency situations during flight operations.
The main cause of misunderstanding is instructions that are unclear /very complicated.
The main building at an airport is called terminal.
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major
| Two planes were less than a mile away from a major catastrophe when a near-collision was detected in thick clouds above London.
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necessary
| Datalink allows you to write your own messages when necessary.
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open
| Prochnow was given the task of delivering a Cessna 188 single-handed from Oakland, to Australia. Because the flight covered thousands of miles over open ocean, the aircraft was fitted with extra fuel tanks for the journey.
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quiet
| The evening/night shift is going to be quieter than the evening/night shift.
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rapid
| - Talk about any incidents of rapid decompression you have heard about.
- A section of fuselage was torn from a Boeing 737 due to corrosion and metal fatigue, causing rapid decompression. One person died in the incident but the crew landed safely.
- The door tore away a spoiler and smashed into the tailplane, resulting in hydraulic loss as well as rapid depressurization. The crew managed to land this aircraft safely with only minor injuries.
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rare
| Fortunately, explosive decompressions like these examples are very rare, but cabin crew and flight crew must be aware of the dangers.
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ready
| And on landing you will need to be ready for a longer stopping distance due to the surface rain.
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recent
| A recent report showed that miscommunication is a factor in over 70% of operational errors.
The recent regulations allows all passengers to carry two items of hand luggage.
On the subject of airport security, security expert Kalle Kaub is here to talk us through recent developments in airport security techniques.
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regular
| - Do you want regular hours or shifts?
- Flight safety is maintained through regular maintenance checks.
- The disruption of regular eating habits can lead to adangerous drop in blood sugar levels.
- Unless regular inspections are made, airworthiness can become a problem.
- You should try to take holidays from work regularly. Organize your schedule around them. And take regular breaks while you're working too.
- Take regular opportunities to relax.
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reported
| Due to the reported severe turbulence, they suggested to follow a revised flight path.
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right
| A: S27H. Can you make right turns? B: Negative, sir. Right turns will be very hard. I'd recommand to turn left.
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safe
| - The safest way to communicate is using simple English, natural, fluent English.
- Datalink has reduced airspace congestion, and many people think it has helped to make communications fast and safe.
- Which plane does Mehmet think is safer?
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scared
| Do you ever get scared?
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second
| - 3890, Ground, give way to the second Dornier inbound, then taxi runway 32 left, intersection departure at Gulf, via outer, Charlie, Gulf.
- In the second incident, the captain misheard/ misunderstood the controller.
- After a stopover in Hawaii, he completed the second leg of the journey on schedule, and arrived on the Samoan island of Pago Pago without incident.
- The airports agency simply can't afford to buy a second police service unit.
- The flights, operated by United and American airlines, needed to go around, but landed safely on their second attempts.
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secure
| - But the best way to keep coyotes away is to make sure that the airport's perimeter fences are secure so they can't dig under them.
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serious
| - What was the last serious problem you had?
- As a result, it is in serious financial trouble, and it must avoid any more diversions.
- There are three serious injuries on board.
- Sometimes the fires are started by people. For example, this spring an industrial gas tank exploded, causing a serious wild fire.
- The aircraft had corrosion, and also serious metal fatigue.
- In the picture you see here, a bird strike caused serious damage to a Boeing 767 in 2001 at flight level one-twozero.
- We've got at least two serious injuries.
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severe
| - Dangerous breathing problems can also result from severe allergic reaction, which worries airlines so much that some no longer serve peanuts.
- Due to the reported severe turbulence, they suggested to follow a revised flight path.
- He didn't pay attention to the warning about severe thunder and lightning.
- Metal fatigue can cause severe damage, causing danger of explosive decompression.
- The pilot felt the disturbance was so severe he diverted to Heathrow.
- Because of severe fog in the area, the flight was diverted.
- But the problems come in the summer months, when different pressure zones can cause very hot, sticky and humid conditions one moment, and then severe thunderstorms the next.
- We've got a severe weather front coming at us on tonight's shift.
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sick
| - I don't like to deal with an unruly passenger or a sick passenger?
- The sick passenger is Belgian.
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similar
| - Investigations are carried out for the purpose of avoiding similar incidents in the future.
- The barrel roll is where you complete one loop and one roll at the same time, making a flight path similar to a horizontal corkscrew,
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slippery
| Balck ice is an invisible slippery surface than can form on the runway in cold weather.
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small
| - I work for a large airline, but I'd rather work for a smaller one.
- What's the smallest aircraft you have ever flown?
- The GEN- H4 is the smallest co-axial one-man helicopter in the world.
- They can only make small turns.
- You work for a small airline which has had to make a record number of diversions due to medical emergencies in the past year.
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smart
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special
| - What special arrangements have to be made when transporting the following VIPs in your country?
- Airline companies should offer VIPs a special service.
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strange
| - The storm quickly got worse, and the crew noticed that something extremely strange was beginning to happen.
- You are going to explain strange passenger behaviour.
- Her behaviour is extremely strange.
- They must guess what the passenger's strange behaviour is.
- It was coming in at this really strange angle, and we thought, 'it's going to crash'.
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stressed
| What tells you that a colleague is becoming stressed?
The trainee pilot felt stressed from take-off to landing.
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sudden
| An epileptic fit is caused by a sudden burst of excess electrical activity in the brain.
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sure
| - Holding short of the runway, the captain asks 'may we cross?' The controller gives the response 'hold short'. The captain understands 'oh sure', and crosses the runway.
- Ask when not sure about a piece of information.
- We're not really sure - perhaps it was an electrical fault.
- But the best way to keep coyotes away is to make sure that the airport's perimeter fences are secure so they can't dig under them.
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transatlantic
| A transatlantic flight was diverted to Boston after top model Tatiana Vukovsky started to behave very strangely.
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unclear
| The main cause of misunderstanding is instructions that are unclear.
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uncomfortable
| - How do they deal with the passengers who feel uncomfortable?
- Some of the passengers are getting a little uncomfortable with it.
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unconscious
| - The pilot was unconscious during the incident.
- By the time we landed, Tim had spent 18 minutes outside the cockpit. During this time he'd been unconscious.
- Several passengers were unconscious, one was not breathing.
- The captain is unconscious. Request immediate landing and medical services. Kite 63.
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unpleasant
| I'm getting reports of an unpleasant smell back here, coming from the rear washrooms, like an electrical burning smell.
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unscheduled
| When they refused to calm down, the pilot took the decision to divert the plane and make an unscheduled stop-off at an airstrip on the tiny Portuguese island of Porto Santo.
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upset
| - Whe somebody is aggressive, he intends to hurt or upset someone else.
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unrealistic
| Although research into more fuel-efficient aircraft continues, the idea that this will reduce pollution is unrealistic as the growth in the number of aircraft flying is greater than the savings in fuel-efficiency.
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unruly
| - We don't like to deal with an unruly passenger or a sick passenger.
- A Honolulu-bound Delta Airlines jet was diverted to San Francisco on Tuesday when a female passenger became unruly after trying to smoke in the lavatory.
- A flight attendant was assaulted by the unruly passenger.
- contact ATC and tellthem that we've got an unruly passenger. Request a diversion to nearest suitable airfield.
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unusual
| - It is not unusual for coyotes to end up on runways - they're seen at O'Hare once or twice a week.
- Tell your partner about the most unusual aircraft you've ever flown, or the most unusual vehicle you've ever driven or ridden in. How were its controls unusual?
- Nothing unusual occurred during the take-off and climb.
- The flight was redirected after passenger's unusual behaviour.
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upper
| - The upper ECAM display.
- You turn left or right by flicking a yaw switch with your left thumb, which changes the rotation of the two upper blades.
- In April 1998, a large section of upper fuselage tore away from a Boeing 737. One member of the cabin crew was sucked from the aircraft and died.
- The upper airspace is going to be very quiet over the next 12 hours.
- The upper airspace is going to be very quiet over the next 12 hours as many flights are grounded.
- Almost 35 m² of metal tore away from the upper part of the fuselage, cutting off the electrics, all communication lines and oxygen supply.
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well
| He planned his flight well.
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wet
| - A shipper consigneda wet-cell battery, undeclared as dangerous goods.
- microburst is caused when a thunderstorm carries massive amounts of wet warm air high into the atmosphere on its strong updraughts.
- It is difficult to move on because it is wet or smooth.
- The runway looks wet.
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white
| A thin white layer of powdery ice that forms on things outside when the weather is very cold
Suddenly, all we could see was thick white fog.
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wide
| The pilot climbed to about 100 ft, rolled to the right and performed a wide turn.
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worried
| - Rabbits are damaging the runway at a Scottish airport and airport authorities are worried that the animals could make it dangerous for planes to land.
- The Commission is worried that aviation emissions are growing faster than in any other sector.
- I felt a bit worried because the situation was not routine,
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wrong
| - A pilot reads back the message will turn 'He right' as 'We will turn right.' Because of his strong accent, realizes the nobody mistake until the plane has gone the wrong way.
- You can easily follow the wrong line.
- The pilot flying took a wrong turn.
- If you follow the wrong one, you could end up with a conflict with arrival traffic on runway 13R.
- Right. First, try to contact ATC so they know our situation. Ask for a holding pattern. Then we can try to see what went wrong.
- Why didn't it set off the smoke detector? I'm not happy with this at all. Something's wrong.
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young
| - A young man repeatedly touches one of his feet.
- Two young women are travelling together, but not talking to each other.
- A young man is wearing a rucksack with wires coming from it.
- We havea passenger, a young man from Belgium. He's having difficulty breathing, he's shaking badly, and his eyes are shut.
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